Glial cells perform paramount functions within the nervous system, closely monitoring and regulating neurons. Indispensable roles for glia have been elucidated in most aspects of proper brain function, while they are gaining more interest in the context of neurological diseases. In this dissertation, I utilize the genetically powerful model system Drosophila melanogaster to examine injury signaling between transected neurons and the responding glia. The findings in this dissertation provide evidence for novel mechanisms involved in glial function following neuronal axotomy.